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Earthmasters: The Dawn of the Age of Climate Engineering, by Dr. Clive Hamilton
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This book goes to the heart of the unfolding reality of the twenty-first century:�international efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have all failed, and before the end of the century Earth is projected to be warmer than it has been for 15 million years. The question “can the crisis be avoided?” has been superseded by a more frightening one, “what can be done to prevent the devastation of the living world?” And the disturbing answer, now under wide discussion both within and outside the scientific community, is to seize control of the very climate of the Earth itself.�Clive Hamilton begins by exploring the range of technologies now being developed in the field of geoengineering--the intentional, enduring, large-scale manipulation of Earth’s climate system. He lays out the arguments for and against climate engineering, and reveals the extent of vested interests linking researchers, venture capitalists, and corporations. He then examines what it means for human beings to be making plans to control the planet’s atmosphere, probes the uneasiness we feel with the notion of exercising technological mastery over nature, and challenges the ways we think about ourselves and our place in the natural world.
- Sales Rank: #878191 in Books
- Published on: 2013-04-22
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x 5.50" w x 1.25" l, 1.07 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 264 pages
Review
“Mr Hamilton makes many important points. . .and�is an effective critic of a breath-taking idea.”—The Economist (The Economist 2013-11-23)
About the Author
Clive Hamilton is Vice-Chancellor’s Chair and professor of public ethics, Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics, Charles Sturt University, Canberra.
Most helpful customer reviews
36 of 38 people found the following review helpful.
an unavoidable discussion
By Nigel Kirk
Hamilton claims that he wrote this book because there was a dangerous gap in commentary about humanity's options if it did not reduce the burning of fossil fuel. He's right, and this book begins to fill the gap. It classifies technologies according to whether they remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or reduce tropospheric heating. His discussion of the measures he considers most likely (as distinct from most feasible) is reasonably complete. Hamilton examines the constraints (legal and practical), the risks (significant) and the possible outcomes. Importantly, he pulls no punches in teasing apart the motives and track records of the proponents of such grand schemes as liming the oceans, seeding the atmosphere and more. While there might be approaches he does not cover completely, such as implementation of multiple technologies, he succeeds in alerting his readership to a looming issue. I have seen him put his views in a hall full of scientific experts and they hold up well.
The final two chapters, "Ethical anxieties" and "This Goodly Frame", indulge in a little philosophical and historical navel-gazing. They are of interest but lack the urgency of the early discussion. The Notes, including references, are excellent, current and reflect Hamilton's long term familiarity with climate change issues.
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
The best known of the first category are those ideas about ...
By Mary Wildfire
This is the most important book I've read in the past decade. I am pasting in a review I wrote for resilience.org .
Hamilton starts by discussing the looming threat of catastrophic climate change, and the utterly inadequate response of governments. So...is it time to take a deep breath and contemplate a Plan B? He coins a couple of words to talk about basic philosophical differences on these issues: Prometheans are people who are certain that Man has a glorious destiny (you might say a Manifest Destiny) to completely control this planet and eventually others for our own purposes (I noticed that of the dozen or so proponents mentioned in the book, most are North Americans and all are men). Soterians (after the Greek goddess of safety and deliverance from harm) are more cautious, more concerned about the fall that cometh after hubris, and more respectful of the wisdom inherent in natural systems Yet there are Soterians advocating for geoengineering, because they believe the alternative is so catastrophic. The idea of direct measures to reduce climate change—measures other than the obvious, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions—have been under very quiet investigation for a long time, but were not publicly discussed until a paper by Paul Crutzen came out in 2006, because most scientists felt that open discussion of this “Plan B” would reduce pressure, already much too weak, to lower emissions. Now the cat’s out of the bag. The new IPCC report has a section on geoengineering.
Hamilton and others divide geoengineering proposals into two groups: those that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and sequester it in the soil, plants, the ocean, or deep underground...and methods of reducing the incoming sunlight without dealing with carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. The best known of the first category are those ideas about increasing ocean storage by adding iron dust or lime to increase the biological activity of the ocean. As the ocean already stores enormously more carbon than anywhere else, this seems feasible—but experiments have been done with disappointing results. Unsurprisingly, this is because biological systems are complicated. Adding iron, for example, causes a bloom but perhaps the extra microorganisms are the “wrong” kind, and perhaps the extra activity drains surrounding waters of other nutrients so that the net result is uselessness. Adding lime doesn’t depend on these complicated biological processes, but requires so much energy for pulverizing the limestone and spreading it that it makes no sense to do it—if we had that much new renewable energy, why not just replace coal-fired power plants with it and skip the liming?
Then there are the methods involving increased storage of carbon in biomass—from the sensible choice of refraining from deforestation, to biochar, to algae farms. Hamilton believes the possibility for much carbon diversion in these methods is limited. Underground sequestration, whether the CO2 is captured at power plants or removed from the air via gigantic machines, would require a huge new infrastructure.
Measures to solve the problem by reducing incoming solar heat gain include the brightening of clouds by spraying seawater up from a fleet of perhaps a thousand ships—each equipped with 28 billion one-micron nozzles—and eliminating cirrus clouds in the upper atmosphere by spraying a bismuth solution out of airplanes, which could include commercial flights. But the most popular and likeliest is spraying sulfur solutions into the atmosphere to mimic volcanic eruptions. The latter is called “easy, effective and cheap.” But there are questions about alterations of rainfall patterns with the first two, and the sulfur trick will damage the ozone layer and possibly reduce rainfall, can’t be tested at less than full-scale implementation (and many years of it to separate effects from the natural variability of weather). Also, once implemented it could not be terminated without catastrophic effects; a chart shows the temperature skyrocketing after termination to achieve the warming we would have had without the intervention within a couple of years, much too fast for most species, especially forests, to adapt. Grimly, he notes that air pollution (now largely from Asia) has kept warming to .8 degrees Celsius—otherwise it would be an additional 1.1 degrees Celsius hotter already.
After this description of proposed technologies, Hamilton turns to a description of “the players.” Proponents of geoengineering include Bill Gates, and several people connected to Lawrence Livermore Lab. He spends a few pages analyzing how the Cold War nuclear weapons projects might have influenced scientists to later support geoengineering. Some of the most prominent climate denial machines, like American Enterprise Institute, Hoover Institute and Heartland Institute, are now proponents of technological intervention to solve a problem they still claim doesn’t exist. There are also consortiums grabbing patents, hoping to make a mint by charging humanity for the rescue of our only home. Military men have begun thinking about how fine-tuning these schemes could benefit one nation at the expense of others. Even without such deliberate machinations, if any climate engineering is carried out and affects the weather, it is inevitable that some people and some governments will feel that they have been victimized by the results.
Next Hamilton examines the morality and the geopolitics of climate engineering, and considers possible regulatory frameworks. He considers the best arrangement to be international, perhaps via the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. In the concluding chapter he looks at it from a philosophical point of view. I like the final pages in which he draws together the “human exceptionalism” of the Prometheans with the forces of corporate power (especially oil companies), those determined that growth must continue at all costs, those looking for military advantage, and the inertia of the status quo; clearly he fears that these forces operating in collusion will steamroll the opposition. As do I. It’s clear from many quotations that the initial reluctance of scientists to discuss the prospects of geoengineering for fear of providing an excuse to further delay mitigation was well-founded. That the right-wing think tanks who have made much of their bread and butter in recent years by climate denial are embracing geoengineering adds credence to Naomi Klein’s thesis that belief in climate change tracks political leanings because the obvious solutions are anathema to the right—things like more governmental regulation, especially at a global level, respect for nature and more taxation, along with less consumption and reparations to the global south. Once someone suggests a “solution” which may avert catastrophe via a high-tech operation controlled by a few and profiting corporations, the picture changes.
It may seem like anything that puts an end to the obstructionism of the global corporate right wing is a good thing. But if it depends on allowing enthusiastic Promethean cowboys to do their experiments on our only planet, while doing nothing to curb greenhouse gas emissions, nothing to reduce all the myriad other harms our frantic, growth-obsessed culture inflicts, and nothing to install renewable and low-impact replacements for fossil fuels while we still have some fossil fuels to help build the infrastructure...then Hamilton’s fears are indeed well-founded, and it’s important that we begin now to counter the impetus the Prometheans are putting behind the idea of geoengineering. After finishing this book, I find myself wondering: Have there been quiet conversations between proponents and policy-makers, and might these have something to do with the complete refusal of so many governments to countenance emissions limits?
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
The frightening possible consequences of geothermal modifications of climate.
By Daniel Desulis
This book is terrifying. Should the possibilities which Clive Hamilton reveals of the ways in which a government, or one very wealthy individual, could change the future of earth's climate, and do with without full scientific examination of the consequences, occur, the populations of the planet would be like the white rats used in a scientific lab, not knowing if the experiment will be positive or disastrous.
Hamilton writes of the last ditch efforts that could be utilized once the consideration of averting the worst consequences of a warming planet seem too unavoidable to prevent or delay.. He also explains the planning for geothermal induced changes being contemplated or planned by groups and institutions which have already considered these methods.
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